Ear tube insertion, also known as tympanostomy or myringotomy with tube placement, is a surgical procedure used to treat chronic ear infections and fluid buildup in the middle ear. During the procedure, a small incision is made in the eardrum (tympanic membrane) to allow fluid to drain from the middle ear. A tiny tube is then inserted into the incision to keep it open and facilitate continuous drainage. The tubes are usually made of plastic or metal and are designed to remain in place for several months before eventually falling out on their own or being removed during a follow-up visit. Ear tube insertion is typically indicated when a patient, often a child, experiences recurrent ear infections or persistent fluid buildup that does not resolve with antibiotics or other treatments. Common causes of these issues include Eustachian tube dysfunction, which prevents proper drainage of fluid from the middle ear, or chronic otitis media, an infection of the middle ear. Symptoms that may lead to ear tube insertion include frequent ear infections, hearing loss, ear pain, and fluid drainage from the ear. Complications from ear tube insertion are relatively uncommon but can occur. Potential issues include infection of the ear canal or middle ear, perforation of the eardrum, or the tube becoming dislodged or blocked. Some patients may experience temporary discomfort, drainage, or changes in hearing immediately following the procedure. There is also a small risk of scarring or changes to the eardrum that might affect hearing or require further treatment.
Preparation for ear tube insertion involves assessing the patient's overall health and ear condition, discussing the procedure with the patient or their guardians, and providing preoperative instructions. After the procedure, patients are typically advised to avoid getting water in the ears, follow up with their healthcare provider to monitor the tubes, and report any signs of infection or persistent symptoms. Ear tube insertion is an effective treatment for managing chronic ear problems, improving hearing, and reducing the frequency of ear infections.
